Speaking of Bill Mauldin and Stars and Stripes, you remembered to fly your flag today, Armed Forces Day, right?
Old Glory, flying
Armed Forces Day 2009
May 16, 2009
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Flag etiquette, Fly your flag today | 
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Posted by Ed Darrell
Gun site shoots down flag discussion
May 16, 2009At The Firing Line.com, you can discuss all things firearms. But discussions on patriotic displays are “off topic.”
And, by the way, if you are curious about how to properly fold the Ohio state flag, or any other state flag, you’ll find links to the instructions courtesy of Millard Fillmore’s Bathtub, here.
There’s no requirement that a firearms site allow discussions of flag folding and flag display, but cutting off the discussion seems a little curt, to me.
Ohio and U.S. flags fly at a Cleveland courthouse. Photo by Gretchenaro, Scene in Cleveland
1 Comment | Flag ceremony, Flag etiquette, Patriotism, Politics, State flag | Tagged: Flag etiquette, Folding the Ohio flag, Patriotism, Politics | Permalink
Posted by Ed Darrell
Armed Forces Day 2009 – May 16; fly your flag
May 9, 2009
Armed Forces Day 2009 poster; click on image to download a high-quality copy
Armed Forces Day is one of the score of dates for which federal law suggests we fly our flags. Armed Forces Day is the third Saturday in May, every year.
Got events scheduled near your home? Tell us about them in comments, please.
8 Comments | Flag etiquette, Fly your flag today, Heroes, Holidays, Patriotism, veterans | Tagged: Armed Forces Day 2009, Flag etiquette, Fly your flag, Heroes, Military, Patriotism, veterans | Permalink
Posted by Ed Darrell
No, Texas cannot secede; no, Texas can’t split itself
April 18, 2009Rick Perry put his foot into something during one of the Astro-turf “tea parties” on April 15. Someone asked him about whether Texas should secede from the United States, as a protest against high taxes, or something.
The answer to the question is “No, secession is not legal. Did you sleep through all of your U.S. history courses? Remember the Civil War?”
Alas, Perry didn’t say that.
Instead, Perry said it’s not in the offing this week, but ‘Washington had better watch out.’
He qualified his statement by saying the U.S. is a “great union,” but he said Texans are thinking about seceding, and he trotted out a hoary old Texas tale that Texas had reserved that right in the treaty that ceded Texas lands to the U.S. in the switch from being an independent republic after winning independence from Mexico, to statehood in the U.S.
So, rational people want to know: Does Perry know what he’s talking about?
No, he doesn’t. Bud Kennedy, columnist for the Fort Worth Star-Telegram (still one of America’s great newspapers despite the efforts of its corporate owners to whittle it down), noted the error and checked with Gov. Perry’s history instructors at Texas A&M and his old high school, both of which said that Perry didn’t get the tale from them. (Score one for Texas history teachers; rethink the idea about letting people run for state office without having to pass the high school exit history exam.)
A&M professor Walter L. Buenger is a fifth-generation Texan and author of a textbook on Texas’ last secession attempt. (The federal occupation lasted eight years after the Civil War.)
“It was a mistake then, and it’s an even bigger mistake now,” Buenger said by phone from College Station, where he has taught almost since Perry was an Aggie yell leader.
“And you can put this in the paper: To even bring it up shows a profound lack of patriotism,” Buenger said.
The 1845 joint merger agreement with Congress didn’t give Texas an option clause. The idea of leaving “was settled long ago,” he said.
“This is simple rabble-rousing and political posturing,” he said. “That’s all it is. . . . Our governor is now identifying himself with the far-right lunatic fringe.”
Three false beliefs about Texas history keep bubbling up, and need to be debunked every time. The first is that Texas had a right to secede; the second is that Texas can divide itself into five states; and the third is that the Texas flag gets special rights over all other state flags in the nation.
Under Abraham Lincoln’s view the Union is almost sacred, and once a state joins it, the union expands to welcome that state, but never can the state get out. Lincoln’s view prevailed in the Civil War, and in re-admittance of the 11 Confederate states after the war.
The second idea also died with Texas’s readmission. The original enabling act (not treaty) said Texas could be divided, but under the Constitution’s powers delegated to Congress on statehood, the admission of Texas probably vitiated that clause. In any case, the readmission legislation left it out. Texas will remain the Lone Star State, and not become a Five Star Federation. (We dealt with this issue in an earlier post you probably should click over to see.)
Texas’s flag also gets no special treatment. I cannot count the number of times I’ve heard Texans explain to Boy Scouts that the Texas flag — and only the Texas flag — may fly at the same level as the U.S. flag on adjacent flag poles. Under the flag code, any flag may fly at the same level; the requirement is that the U.S. flag be on its own right.
Gov. Perry is behind Sen. Kay Bailey Hutchison in polling of a head-to-head contest between the two to see who will be the Republican nominee for governor in 2010 — Hutchison is gunning to unseat Perry. He was trying to throw some red meat to far-right conservative partisans who, he hopes, will stick by him in that primary election.
Alas, he came off throwing out half-baked ideas instead. It’s going to be a long, nasty election campaign.
_____________
Update: A commenter named Bill Brock (the Bill Brock?) found the New York Times article from 1921 detailing John Nance Garner’s proposal to split Texas into five. Nice find!
Another update: How much fuss should be made over the occasional wild hare move for some state to secede? Probably not much. A few years ago Alaska actually got a referendum on the ballot to study secession. The drive to secede got nowhere, of course. I was tracking it at the time to see whether anyone cared. To the best of my knowledge, the New York Times never mentioned the controversy in Alaska, and the Washington Post gave it barely three paragraphs at the bottom of an inside page.
73 Comments | Flag etiquette, History, Politics, State flag, Texas, Texas history | Tagged: Constitution, Flag etiquette, History, Rick Perry, Statehood, Texas, Texas history, Texas Secession | Permalink
Posted by Ed Darrell
Fly your flag today – Presidents’ Day
February 16, 2009
A giant U.S. flag was draped from a building in Springfield, Illinois, at Barack Obama’s announcement of candidacy for the U.S. presidency, February 24, 2007 — photo from JeromeProphet
Fly your flag today for Presidents’ Day, one of the score of dates designated by Congress to fly the flag.
Presidents’ Day consolidated two separate events, George Washington’s Birthday and Abraham Lincoln’s Birthday. Lincoln and Washington were first and second in a C-SPAN poll of historians, the Second Historians Survey on Presidential Leadership.
Leave a Comment » | Abraham Lincoln, Flag etiquette, Fly your flag today, George Washington, Presidents | Tagged: Abraham Lincoln, Flag etiquette, Fly your flag today, George Washington, Presidents Day, US Flag | Permalink
Posted by Ed Darrell
New pledge hoax slams Obama, teachers and public schools
January 29, 2009With this blog’s occasional focus on flag etiquette and my concern for faux patriotism, I’ve been getting barbs all day on a story out of Clark County, Nevada (home of Las Vegas).
It’s a threefer of hatred, slamming President Obama, teachers, and public schools, all at once. Plus it is rather disrespectful of the U.S. flag.
The Clark County School District calls the story “bogus!!” with the exclamation points clear. Spokesmen for the district complain they’ve been fielding calls all day, none with details. Their check of the district’s schools turns up nothing.
The claim is that an elementary school student wants to drop out of school after being “forced” to say the Pledge of Allegiance to a picture of President Barack Obama backed by several U.S. flags.
Bloggers fume. “The gall!”
Press spokesmen for the district say they encourage parents to call any principal of any school in the district with any complaint. A survey of principals finds none who knew of such a complaint.
None of the bloggers bothered to check the facts, it appears. The story so far checks out to be a hoax. No one can name the school, no one can name the kid, no one can corroborate the story.
U.S.. Nevada and Clark County flags fly at Moapa Valley High School in the Clark County School District, Nevada. Wikipedia image
Students in Clark County schools say the Pledge of Allegiance every morning as a usual practice. School officials were unsure whether this is done by state law, district ordinance, or tradition. Through much of the 20th century, it was common for schools to have a picture of the sitting president in every classroom. That tradition fell to budget cuts years ago.
What motivates people to invent such stories? What motivates bloggers to spread stories without bothering to make the simplest check to see whether the story is accurate? One of the things that screams “Hoax!” in this story is the complete inaction of the student and parent. Were they worked up about it, why didn’t they bother to complain?
Here’s the wall of shame, bloggers who got suckered and repeated the story without bothering to check it out (isn’t it odd that they all seem to know exactly what photo of Obama was used, and they show it on their blogs, but they don’t know where it was used? Isn’t it odd that they use a color photo while saying it was projected on an overhead projector, which would turn that photo into gray and white mush?):
- McNorman’s Blog
- Newsblaze, apparently a hotbed of right-wing calumny
- Unclemeat
- The Jawa Report (with pirated images from George Lucas!)
- Grand Rants
- The aptly-named Infidel Blogger Alliance (why would you advertise your national disloyalty so?)
- Dr. Bulldog and Ronin
- Nice Deb
- Chronicles of Two Rogue Jews
- DPGI – The Aftermath
- DC Freedom and Linux
- Tree of Liberty Forum (they really should know better)
- Freedom Arizona
I’ll wager that’s just the tip of a very mean-spirited iceberg of calumny.
Update, January 30 – More hate-filled spreading of the story:
- Rapture Ready (!)
- Basti Says
- Christian writer Sharon K. Gilbert
- Clarkblog.org
- Lan Lamphere (wasn’t he in on another hoax earlier this month?)
- False Oswalds (do these names creep you out?)
- Because No One Asked
- XD Talk Forum (brace yourself when you check this one out)
- Rebellion
- Fly Away Birdie
- Democrat=Socialist
- Right Wing News
- Moonbattery (of course – it’s a moonbat claim)
- Investors Iraq
- The Liberty Papers (ironic – commenters note how easily misled people were in past totalitarian regimes)
- WorldNet Daily (I think this makes it official: This is tinfoil hat stuff now)
- Red County
Still the gullible fall, on February 1:
- Liberal guy
- View from the Right
- Don’t Get Me Started
- The Big Feed
- Black and Right (do these guys plagiarize from one another)
- Albany’s Insanity (eerie how these guys name their blogs, accurately)
- It’s a Kwazy life
Nearly responsible skepticism:
I spoke again with David Roddy at the Clark County School District offices. He confirmed that as of late this afternoon (January 30) no one had stepped forward to identify the school where the event is alleged to have occurred, nor the name of anyone involved, nor any other fact that could be corroborated to vouch for the accuracy of the story.
See “7 Signs of Bogus History.” Notice any of these characteristics in this story’s allegations?
Update, September 5, 2009: No evidence of this event has ever been produced outside of the original two anonymous blog posts. My investigation found no such incident in any school in or around Las Vegas, nor anywhere else. Pure hoax.
Don’t let others be misled; spread the word:
34 Comments | Barack Obama, Flag ceremony, Flag etiquette, Hoaxes, Pledge to the flag, President Obama, Teachers, Teaching, Urban Legend, War on Education | Tagged: Barack Obama, Bloggers, Flag etiquette, Hoaxes, Las Vegas, Pledge of Allegiance, Teachers, urban legends, US Flag | Permalink
Posted by Ed Darrell
Fly your flag today, for the inauguration of President Obama
January 20, 2009
The United States Armed Forces Color Guard presents the American flag and the different U.S. military service flags at the opening ceremony for the 55th Presidential Inauguration, "A Celebration of Freedom," near the Ellipse in Washington, D.C., Jan. 19, 2005. More than 5,000 service members will take part in the 55th Presidential Inauguration. Defense Dept. photo by U.S. Air Force Tech. Sgt. Tracy DeMarco
The law asks us to do it, but we only get the chance every four years.
Fly your flag today for the inauguration of the president, Barack Obama.
The flag flying today bears 50 stars, the 50th in honor of Obama’s birth state, Hawaii.
Today is one of those days we get to see the flag displayed with scrupulous attention paid to the proper methods of display. If you see a flag attached to an automobile, for example, it will probably be on a special attachment on the right front fender of the vehicle, as the Flag Code suggests. The free-for-all flag display methods of small town Fourth of July parades will be reined in. At least, we hope so.
Fly your flag today — you’ll be glad you did.
Resources:
- U.S. Flag Code, at the Legal Information Institute at Cornell University’s Law School Library
1 Comment | Barack Obama, Flag ceremony, Flag etiquette, Fly your flag today, History, President Obama, Presidents | Tagged: Barack Obama, Flag etiquette, Fly your flag today, History, Inauguration | Permalink
Posted by Ed Darrell
A day to fly a flag: Martin Luther King, Jr.
January 19, 2009
Old Glory and the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. - "Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., addresses the crowd outside the United Nations, April 15, 1967," by Benedict J. Fernandez
Our flags get a double shot of exercise this week. Flags fly on the third Monday of January in honor of the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Tomorrow, the flags fly in honor of the inauguration of the president of the U.S., a once-every-four-years event. Back-to-back flag fly dates.
We live in a brief period when history piles up deeply, so quickly it is almost beyond our ability to take it in, let alone appreciate the experience. 41 years after the death Martin Luther King, Jr., we prepare to swear in an African-American as president.
For the first time in U.S. history, we fly flags in honor of two different African-Americans, on consecutive days, with sanction from the Congress and laws of the United States.
P. Z. Myers wonderfully reflects on the legacy and thoughts of King here, “There are good reasons to honor Martin Luther King, Jr.,” letting King speak for himself. History is Elementary features a good sampling of materials teachers can use on King, here, “King Day, 2009.” Farm School hightlights King’s advocacy of nonviolence with a good focus on his Nobel Peace Prize acceptance speech.
So, go put your flag up today, and fly it tomorrow, too.
Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., and President Lyndon B. Johnson, at the White House, on December 3, 1963 - photo by Yoichi Okamoto; public domain, LBJ Library/National Archives
12 Comments | Civil Rights, Flag etiquette, Fly your flag today, Heroes, History, Martin Luther King, Nonviolent protest | Permalink
Posted by Ed Darrell
New Year’s Day – fly your flag today
January 1, 2009Almost forgot to mention that New Year’s Day is one of the designated “fly your U.S. flag” days.
But you knew that, right? (See 4 USC 1, sec. 6.)
Literally flying the flag -- Lt. Col. Chris Ashby sits in an F-16 Fighting Falcon and displays the U.S. flag before departing on a combat mission over Iraq, Jan. 29 from Balad Air Base, Iraq. Colonel Ashby is the 332nd Air Expeditionary Wing chief of Safety deployed from the 20th Fighter Wing, Shaw Air Force Base, S.C. (U. S. Air Force photo/Staff Sgt. Michael R. Holzworth)
Leave a Comment » | Flag etiquette, Fly your flag today, Holidays | Tagged: Air Force, Flag etiquette, Fly your flag, Holidays, Iraq, US Flag | Permalink
Posted by Ed Darrell
Fly your flag today: Columbus Day
October 13, 2008Fly your U.S. flag today. Fly it to honor Columbus’s discovery of the Americas.
The second Monday in October is celebrated as Columbus Day, a federal holiday (though not widely honored in private enterprise). Columbus made landfall in the Americas for the first time on October 12, 1492, 516 years ago.
John Vanderlyn, Oil on canvas, 12′ x 18′ – Commissioned 1836/1837; placed 1847 in the Rotunda of the Capitol. Christopher Columbus is shown landing in the West Indies, on an island that the natives called Guanahani and he named San Salvador, on October 12, 1492. He raises the royal banner, claiming the land for his Spanish patrons, and stands bareheaded, with his hat at his feet, in honor of the sacredness of the event. The captains of the Niña and Pinta follow, carrying the banner of Ferdinand and Isabella. The crew displays a range of emotions, some searching for gold in the sand. Natives watch from behind a tree. John Vanderlyn (1775-1852) had studied with Gilbert Stuart and was the first American painter to be trained in Paris, where he worked on this canvas for ten years with the help of assistants.
11 Comments | 1492, Christopher Columbus, Education, Flag etiquette, Fly your flag today, History, Patriotism | Tagged: Christopher Columbus, Columbus Day, Flag etiquette, Fly your flag today, History, Patriotism | Permalink
Posted by Ed Darrell
Honor working Americans, fly your flag today
September 1, 2008Labor Day, 2008 — in addition to honoring America’s working people, especially unionized working people, Labor Day is the traditional start of the presidential campaign in presidential election years.
What if we applied the false start rules the Olympics uses to presidential campaigns?
Fly your U.S. flag today. This is one of the dates designated in law as a permanent date for flag flying.
Miners and their children celebrate Labor Day, Littleton, Colorado, 1940 - Library of Congress
Here are some past posts on labor, and Labor Day:
History-minded people may want to look at the history of the holiday, such as the history told at the Department of Labor’s website.
The First Labor Day
The first Labor Day holiday was celebrated on Tuesday, September 5, 1882, in New York City, in accordance with the plans of the Central Labor Union. The Central Labor Union held its second Labor Day holiday just a year later, on September 5, 1883.
In 1884 the first Monday in September was selected as the holiday, as originally proposed, and the Central Labor Union urged similar organizations in other cities to follow the example of New York and celebrate a “workingmen’s holiday” on that date. The idea spread with the growth of labor organizations, and in 1885 Labor Day was celebrated in many industrial centers of the country.
Or this history at the more academic Library of Congress site:
On September 5, 1882, some 10,000 workers assembled in New York City to participate in America’s first Labor Day parade. After marching from City Hall to Union Square, the workers and their families gathered in Reservoir Park for a picnic, concert, and speeches. This first Labor Day celebration was initiated by Peter J. McGuire, a carpenter and labor union leader who a year earlier cofounded the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions, a precursor of the American Federation of Labor.
McGuire had proposed his idea for a holiday honoring American workers at a labor meeting in early 1882. New York’s Central Labor Union quickly approved his proposal and began planning events for the second Tuesday in September. McGuire had suggested a September date in order to provide a break during the long stretch between Independence Day and Thanksgiving. While the first Labor Day was held on a Tuesday, the holiday was soon moved to the first Monday in September, the date we continue to honor.
What do the unions say? Among other parts of history, the AFL-CIO site has a biography of Walter Reuther, the legendary organizer of automobile factory workers — September 1 is the anniversary of Reuther’s birthday (he died in an airplane crash on the way to a union training site, May 10, 1970).
We’re off to a barbecue-style picnic at the in-laws. Kenny is down from the University of Texas at Dallas, James still hasn’t begun classes at Lawrence University (which is too far to come from for dinner, anyway). Family usually gets precedence in this house, so we miss the IBEW, UAW, and other union picnics we get invited to here.
We’re glad to have the day off. Working people made this nation, and this world, what it is today. We should honor them every day — take a few minutes today, give honor to workers. Tomorrow, it’s back to work.
Resources:
- Labor Day facts from the U.S. Census Bureau (7.1 million teachers in the U.S. — think we can have a say in the elections this fall?)
- “Your Rights as a Worker,” Department of Labor Employment and Training Administration
- History of Labor Unions, “100 Years of Struggle and Success,” interactive piece from AFL-CIO
- Labor Day site from USA.gov
Leave a Comment » | Biography, Flag etiquette, Fly your flag today, Labor and unions, Technology, unions | Tagged: Flag etiquette, Fly your flag today, History, Labor Day, Politics, unions, Walter Reuther | Permalink
Posted by Ed Darrell
Proof Bush has America backwards
August 13, 2008Photographic proof that George Bush has America backwards. (Avert your Cub Scout’s eyes — he shouldn’t see his president doing that to the U.S. flag. Your Cub Scout knows that the union should always be displayed to its own right — to Bush’s right, the opposite of how he’s holding it here.)
President Bush displays U.S. flag backwards, at Beijing Olympics. Ezra Shaw/Getty Images
Worse, there’s more:
But, by God! He’s wearing his lapel pin! Wearing the pin makes one immune to the rules of respectful flag display, one would assume, from the complaints of Sen. Barack Obama’s not wearing the lapel pin, and the remarkable silence from those same people about Bush’s many insults to the flag.
George Bush makes the case: We don’t need a Constitutional Amendment to make flag desecration illegal. We need Americans who pay attention to flag etiquette, instead.
Tip of the old scrub brush to Larry Perez, and to BuzzFlash, “The Diplomatic Decathlon: Bush’s Marathon of Olympic Blunders”
8 Comments | Flag etiquette, Patriotism, Politics, Presidents | Tagged: Flag Code, Flag etiquette, Patriotism, Politics, President Bush, US Flag | Permalink
Posted by Ed Darrell
Obama leads the Pledge of Allegiance
August 8, 2008Got another e-mail today, alleging that Illinois Sen. Barack Obama refuses to salute the U.S. flag or say the Pledge of Allegiance.
I was surprised to discover that the U.S. Senate has added the pledge to their opening exercises — new from when I staffed the Senate. But, what that means, with C-SPAN televising the proceedings, is that there is video evidence of Sen. Obama leading the pledge, if he does, when he substitutes for the presiding officer (the Vice President) in the Senate.
On June 21, 2007, for example, Obama presided over the Senate. See for yourself.
4 Comments | Campaigns, Flag ceremony, Flag etiquette, Hoaxes, Obama 2008, Pledge to the flag, Presidents | Tagged: Campaign 2008, Flag etiquette, Hoaxes, Obama, Pledge of Allegiance, US Flag | Permalink
Posted by Ed Darrell
Oops! How many stripes on the U.S. flag?
August 7, 2008School kids and people seeking naturalization as citizens of the U.S. should be able to tell you there are 13 stripes on the U.S. flag, one for each of the original 13 colonies. The top stripe is red, and the bottom stripe is red.
Oops. The U.S. Postal Service printed a stamp that features what looks like a flag with a 14th stripe.
Representations of the general usage, first class postal stamps issued by the U.S. Postal Service in April 2008 -- and, is that a 14th stripe on the flag in the lower right? The four original, correct paintings were done by Laura Stutzman of Mountain Lake Park, Maryland.
A philatelist blogger, Stamps of Distinction, noted the error in a post earlier this week. The Postal Service acknowledged a problem with the stamp, but said what looks like a seventh white stripe at the bottom of the flag is really just a light patch added to the stamp to give contrast with the last red stripe.
The error appears on the fourth of a four-stamp plate known as the “Flags 24/7 stamps.” The flag is portrayed flying at four different times of the day, sunrise, noon, sunset, and night. The night portrayal carries the last-minute art revision that looks like a 14th stripe, on the bottom of the flag.
Errors in stamps drive up collectors’ prices — USPS says it has no plans to change the stamp now, so it won’t become a rarity.
Stamps of Distinction explains the intricacies of U.S. flag design, stamp traditions, and more specifics. You would do well to visit that site and check the full post.
Please note that flags flown after sunset should be specially lighted to be flown; the U.S. flag code suggests flags should be retired at sunset, otherwise, except at a few locations where the flag may be flown 24 hours a day, by law. USPS said:
For more than 200 years, the American flag has been the symbol of our nation’s source of pride and inspiration for millions of citizens. In May of 1776, Betsy Ross reported that she sewed the first American flag.
Federal law stipulates many aspects of flag etiquette. In 1942, a code of flag etiquette was established. The code states in part that the American flag should be displayed from sunrise to sunset every day, weather permitting, but especially on days of national importance like Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, and Veterans Day. Also, federal law requires that “when a patriotic effect is desired,” the flag can be flown through the night if properly lit. Although compliance is voluntary, public observation of the code’s measures is widespread throughout the nation.
Teachers, can you use this for a warm-up/bell ringer exercise on flag history?
Resources:
- 15 stars, 15 stripes (earlier MFB post)
- USPS: “American Flag Never Looked So Beautiful,” April press release announcing the 24/7 Flag series; also, Most popular stamp series makes last curtain call; information on stamp collecting
- American Philatelic Society
- Stamp Collecting Month, October 2008
- U.S. Flag Code, in U.S. law
- “The United States Flag: Federal Law Relating to Display, and Associated Questions,” .pdf-format publication written by the Library of Congress for the U.S. Senate (17 pages)
- “Our Flag,” 56-page book on the history of the flag and flag etiquette, from the U.S. Congress, in .pdf-format
- MFB post on “Our Flag,” and Boy Scout book, Your Flag
Leave a Comment » | Bell Ringers, Education, Flag etiquette, History, Warm-up exercises | Tagged: Flag etiquette, History, Philately, Postage Stamps, Stamp Collecting, US Flag | Permalink
Posted by Ed Darrell
Have a glorious Independence Day
July 4, 2008
Fireworks on the Mall, Washington, D.C.
July 4, 2006
Iwo Jima Memorial in the foreground; Washington Monument in background
1 Comment | Flag ceremony, Flag etiquette, Fly your flag today, Patriotism | Tagged: Flag etiquette, Fourth of July, Patriotism | Permalink
Posted by Ed Darrell
Millard Fillmore's Bathtub 