Poster for National Poetry Month 2009 (April) - Poster by Paul Sahre for American Academy of Poets (click on image for more information)
Disturbing the universe: National Poetry Month, 2009
March 17, 2009
4 Comments | 
Life, literacy, Literature, Poetry | Tagged: Academy of American Poets, J. Alfred Prufrock, Life, National Poetry Month 2009, Paul Sahre, Poetry | 
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Posted by Ed Darrell
James Madison, Father of the Constitution, March 16
March 16, 2009
Col. James Madison of the Virginia Militia, Citizen Soldier – National Guard image
James Madison was born on March 16, 1751 — date depending on which calendar you use.
Madison was one of our nation’s top two legislating presidents, on a par with Lyndon Johnson. The essential ally for the creation of America, he is known as the Father of the Constitution for his work to shepherd that compact into existence. A great ally of George Mason, Thomas Jefferson, George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, James Monroe, and sometimes nemesis of some of these men, Madison campaigned for freedom of religion, freedom of speech and freedom of the press his entire life.
Madison was delegate to the Virginia assembly, and wrote freedom of religion into the Virginia Bill of Rights. He wrote the Memorial and Remonstrance defending religious freedom and opposing re-establishment of religion in Virgina, led the assembly to pass instead Thomas Jefferson’s Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, helped settle the dispute over fishing and navigation in the Chesapeake, between Virginia and Maryland. In league with George Washington, he convinced the Continental Congress to try to fix the Articles of Confederation with a convention in Philadelphia in 1787, then he hijacked the convention to write a new charter instead. He wrote most of the Federalist Papers, with Alexander Hamilton, after John Jay was attacked and beaten by a mob. He campaigned and won a seat in the First Congress, defeating the popular James Monroe who then became his fast friend. Madison proposed and was chief sponsor of the 12 amendments to the Constitution that we now know as the Bill of Rights — two of the amendments did not win approval in 1791, but one of those did win approval in 1992 — so Madison wrote the first ten and the twenty-seventh amendments to the Constitution.
Electratig has a fine commentary on Madison and his birthday here, explaining the calendar shenanigans.
Go read the First Amendment, read a newspaper, and watch some news; say a prayer, and thank the stars and God for James Madison.
2 Comments | Bill of Rights, Heroes, History, James Madison, Presidents, U.S. Constitution | Tagged: Bill of Rights, History, James Madison, Presidents, U.S. Constitution | Permalink
Posted by Ed Darrell
Hang George Washington . . .
March 16, 2009. . . in your school.
George Washington, the "porthole portrait" by Rembrandt Peale
I have a tie from the Save the Children Foundation, a picture drawn by a young child that shows a teacher in a classroom, with portraits of Washington, Lincoln and Teddy Roosevelt on the classroom wall. Where have those portraits gone?
At Mount Vernon this past weekend, with more than 20 teachers at the seminar I attended, a significant majority of us remembered those portraits in our classrooms. Most of us don’t have such portraits today.
The Mount Vernon Ladies Association, the group that saved Mount Vernon and operates it today, has program to donate a large, canvas portrait of Washington to your school, the George Washington Portrait Program. Two thousand schools have already received the framed portraits, and the program to distribute them, free of charge, to schools, has been extended.
Portraits come with an educational kit — a U.S. flag, flown at General Washington’s home, lesson plans for elementary schools, and a CD-ROM with information for middle and high schools.
Here are the instructions on how to request a portrait for your school. Here is more information on the program. If you can afford to make a donation, feel free.
Portrait of George Washington, available free to schools, displayed on the grounds of Mount Vernon. Photo, Mount Vernon Ladies Association
Leave a Comment » | Art, George Washington, History, History and art, History images, Patriotism, Presidents | Tagged: George Washington, George Washington Portrait Project, History, Mount Vernon Ladies Association, Patriotism, Presidents, Rembrandt Peale | Permalink
Posted by Ed Darrell
George Washington wrote here: “Dear Dickey . . .”
March 16, 2009TO RICHARD HENRY LEE
Dear Dickey:
I thank you very much for the pretty picture book you
gave me. Sam asked me to show him the pictures and I
showed him all the pictures in it; and I read to him how
the lame elephant took care of the master’s little son. I
can read three or four pages sometimes without missing
a word. Ma says I may go to see you and stay all day
with you next week if it be not rainy. She says I may
ride my pony Hero if Uncle Sam will go with me and lead
Hero. I have a little piece of poetry about the picture
book you gave me, but I mustn’t tell you who wrote the
poetry.G. W.’s compliments to R.H.L.,
And likes his book full well,
Henceforth will count him his friend,
And hopes many happy days he may spend.
Your good friend,
George Washington
Letter to a very young Richard Henry Lee, from a very young George Washington
It’s one of the earliest samples of George Washington’s writing we have. I don’t have a date for the letter, but it is likely to have been prior to 1743, when his father died. This letter was probably written before George was 11.
Can you imagine George Washington as a giggling little boy? He was. We have the letters to prove it. I like this letter simply because it offers a view of George Washington too rarely thought of or talked about.
Richard Henry Lee remained a friend of Washington’s until Washington died. Lee was the man who made the motion at the 2nd Continental Congress that the colonies declare independence from England. Lee was about a month older than Washington, born January 20, 1732. He was a signer of the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and was President of the Continental Congress.
That these two men were childhood friends is a delightful little historical nugget.
Grant Wood's famous 1939 painting illustrating Parson Weems telling the story of George Washington's honesty. "Parson Weems' Fable" hangs in the Amon Carter Museum in Fort Worth, Texas.
Grant Wood, the great American painter, couldn’t imagine Washington as a boy, either. This painting, showing Parson Weems’s version of a story about Washington’s honesty that has not held up to scrutiny as accurate, shows the difficulty Wood expressed: Washington is portrayed as a child with an adult, bewigged head — a homonculus. The painting hangs in the Amon Carter Museum in Fort Worth, Texas.
Maybe some of your troubling students will grow up good and honest, too. Do we know what would push our students to be such model citizens? Do we know what influenced Washington?
Adult influences in Washington’s early life were not so good as some might imagine. His father died when he was 11. At some point he became estranged from his mother, with her repeated accusations that all her children ignored her (to Washington’s great embarrassment). Washington’s other great adult male influence was his half-brother Lawrence. George was sent to live with his Lawrence, but Lawrence died in 1752, when George was turning 20. Also, Washington got little direction from him after he went to sea with the British.
By the time he was 20, Washington was a military commander in the Virginia militia, making adult decisions and living in an adult world. Where did his childhood go? What was it that enabled him to pick himself up and aspire to greatness so often, in so many different ways? What was it bent the twig of the childhood Washington, who grew into the great man the adult Washington became?
You can find this letter in William B. Allen’s George Washington, A Collection, 1998 Liberty Fund. Liberty Fund wishes to spread these works as far as possible, and so has made the book available on-line. It is loaded with materials great for DBQs in AP classes, and other readings that should inspire discussion by students and assignments from teachers that make students think.
He may not have chopped down a cherry tree, but Washington most certainly was a child. What will our students make of this letter?
1 Comment | DBQ sources, George Washington, Heroes, Historic documents, History, History Methods and Tools, Presidents | Tagged: DBQ, George Washington, Heroes, Historic documents, History, Presidents | Permalink
Posted by Ed Darrell
4 Stone Hearth, Bone edition
March 16, 2009Oh, yeah, they call it the Ossa Edition. Or OSSA Edition — but they are the Swedish Osteological Association, and we all know they mean bones.
4 Stone Hearth #62 is up at Osteologiska föreningen.
Great stuff, as usual.
And I mention it because Millard Fillmore’s Bathtub will host the next edition of 4 Stone Hearth. No bones about it.
Since I am dense as a stone about some of the great issues this carnival involves, I’m hopeful there will be plenty of good, early entries . . .
The Four Stone Hearth is a blog carnival that specializes in anthropology in the widest (American) sense of that word. Here, anthropology is the study of humankind, throughout all times and places, focussing primarily on four lines of research:
- archaeology
- socio-cultural anthropology
- bio-physical anthropology
- linguistic anthropology
Each one of these subfields is a stone in our hearth.
Four Stone Hearth is published bi-weekly, Wednesdays in odd-number weeks. If you would like to host the carnival, please write to Martin Rundkvist.
If you would like to submit content to the next issue of the carnival, please write to the keeper of the blog in question [Millard Fillmore’s Bathtub] or to Martin. You are encouraged to submit other bloggers’ work as well as your own.
So, cook something up to bring to the next Four Stone Hearth. It’s pot luck, the more stuff you bring, the more to share. Please include a mention of Four Stone Hearth in your e-mail’s title. I get a lot of e-mail, and I hate to miss anything important.
In the interim, take a good look at FSH #62. Several posts drive directly at the work scientists do with wonderful details about how they do it. It’s a bit of a slog to follow me to this conclusion, but I was struck by the amount of work required, the careful ways these guys go about it, and the way the work itself rather exposes the paucity of grounding of pseudo sciences. Science is under attack here in Texas, so I’m a little sensitive to that issue. Give it a look.
I love a good carnival!
Leave a Comment » | Ancient history, Anthropology, Archaeology, History, Research, Science, Weblogs | Tagged: Archaeology, Blog Carnival, Linguistics | Permalink
Posted by Ed Darrell
Snow at Mount Vernon; Washington still hot
March 15, 2009The photos don’t show the beauty, nor do they capture the wonderful quiet that accompanied it.
It snowed briefly and lightly at George Washington’s home at Mount Vernon Friday morning.
Snow at the Quarters, Mount Vernon, Virginia, March 13, 2009 - copyright Ed Darrell
Al fresco dining would have been cool, and wet.
Snow on tables, The Quarters, Mount Vernon, Virginia - copyright 2009 by Ed Darrell
Inside, a few minutes later, the conversation was hot. We opened with a session the night before, and post-dinner meeting with William B. Allen, the editor of a recent collection of George Washington’s papers. Allen is suave, with a perfectly-modulated baritone voice. He doesn’t just speak in properly punctuated, grammatically correct paragraphs. He speaks in chapters that summarize volumes.
Among other telling gems, Allen noted that Washington, who is often regarded as an intellectual inferior to Jefferson, Madison, Franklin, Hamilton and others, because he “wrote so little,” has had his collected published papers now pass the 100 volume mark. Reading the letters in full, as we did much of at this meeting, reveals Gen. Washington as little else can.
You should read yourself some Washington.
Tip of the old scrub brush, again, to the Bill of Rights Institute and Liberty Fund, sponsors and organizers of this event.
Leave a Comment » | George Washington, History, U.S. Constitution | Tagged: Bill of Rights Institute, George Washington, History, Liberty Fund, Mount Vernon, U.S. Constitution | Permalink
Posted by Ed Darrell
George Washington’s influence on American geography
March 15, 2009A quick snippet of learning from my stay at Mount Vernon:
How many places are named after Washington? How many schools?
At the relatively new museum here I found a display that notes how Americans have honored our First President by naming things after him:
- 26 mountains
- 740 schools
- 155 places (the exhibit said “155 cities and counties,” but the map also showed the State of Washington)
(All of this comes without the aid of a George Washington Legacy Project to inflate his importance and the love of Americans for his work!)
George Washington can still lay claim to his friend Richard Lee’s eulogy, as “first in the hearts of his countrymen.”
I found the display on place names on the way out of the Education Center — a place designed to help visiting teachers learn about resources available for classroom use.
Of course the group works to help teachers who can’t visit at the moment, too. To that end they’ve published online a series of lesson plans developed by the George Washington Teachers’ Institute, a summer residency program that provides professional development.
Check out the lesson plans at http://www.mountvernon.org. Lesson plans are here. I particularly liked the political cartoons included in this lesson plan, all drawn by Pulitzer Prize-winning cartoonists.
Renovations and new construction at Mount Vernon during the past decade have made the place a much more valuable resource for teachers and students.
Let’s tip the entire Millard Fillmore’s Bathtub to the Bill of Rights Institute and Liberty Fund, who sponsored the program at Mount Vernon.
2 Comments | George Washington, History, History museums, Lesson plans, Political cartoons | Tagged: Education, George Washington, History, Lesson plans, Political cartoons | Permalink
Posted by Ed Darrell
Cargo cults in global warming, and Arthur Robinson
March 14, 2009Cargo cult science has deep roots among those who deny global warming or who allow that warming is occurring, but claim we can do nothing about it. So, it’s no surprise that, at the voodoo science 2nd International Conference on Climate Change, somebody would trot out the old falsehoods about DDT.
According to Traditional Catholic Reflections (you can tell its traditional Catholic because it brooks no comments — you can’t correct an error there):
Speaking at the conference hosted by the Heartland Institute in New York City,[Dr. Arthur Robinson, Director of the Oregon Institute of Science and Medicine] said, “There is a current example of genocide by the removal of technology, and that is the ban on DDT, and that has resulted in the deaths of 30 to 40 million people and has left half a billion infected with malaria.”
It’s malaria that kills people, not a lack of DDT. The removal of DDT from spraying cotton crops in Texas and California did absolutely nothing to promote malaria in Africa. Dr. Robinson needs a basic geography course. Mosquitoes do not migrate from the U.S. to Africa or Asia.
Stopping the spraying of DDT in the U.S. in 1972 wasn’t a factor in the cessation of usage of DDT in Africa seven years earlier, either. Dr. Robinson could use some basic math sequencing and calendar reading remediation, too.
Dr. Robinson could use some history and public policy instruction, too. DDT was never banned in Africa, nor was it banned in India or China which together now produce almost all the DDT used in the world, which is a lot. There’s no ban on DDT in Uganda, where Dr. Robinson’s friends in the business world are suing to stop the spraying of DDT in huts in affected regions — because they are afraid it will harm their tobacco business.
It’s a heckuva lot easier to throw darts at health care workers and disease fighters than it is to talk about real solutions with these guys.
If Robinson is dead wrong on a one-liner about DDT, how wrong do you think he is in the rest of his presentation on climate change?
Is there any crackpot “scientist” who was not at the Heartland Institute’s wing-ding?
18 Comments | Accuracy, Africa, Cargo Cults, Climate change, DDT, Disease, Global warming, Health care, Malaria, Science, Voodoo science, War on Science | Tagged: Africa, Arthur Robinson, Climate change, DDT, Environmental protection, Global warming, health, Malaria, Medical Care, Science, Voodoo science | Permalink
Posted by Ed Darrell
Encore post: Feynman and the inconceivable nature of nature
March 14, 2009[This is an Encore Post, from August 2007 — just as it appeared then. See especially the links on textbook selection processes, and “cargo cult” science, at the bottom.]
NOVA had a couple of good programs on Richard Feynman that I wish I had — it had never occurred to me to look at YouTube to see what people might have uploaded.
I ran into this one:
Richard Feynman struck my consciousness with the publication of his quite humorous autobiography, Surely You’re Joking, Mr. Feynman. I thought it was a wonderful book, full of good character portraits of scientists as I saw them in my undergraduate days, only more famous ones. He followed that with What Do You Care What Other People Think?
By then, of course, Feynman was one of my heroes. His stories are useful in dozens of situations — his story of joining the samba bands in Rio testify to the joy of living, and the need for doing new things. Brazil was also the place he confronted the dangers of rote learning, when students could work equations perfectly for examples in the book — which they had memorized — but they couldn’t understand real world applications, such as describing how the sunlight coming off the ocean at Ipanema was so beautiful.
Feynman wrote about creationism, and about the dangers of voodoo science, in his now-famous essay on “Cargo cult science” — it’s so famous one has difficulty tracking down the facts to confirm the story.
Feynman’s stories of his wife, and her illness, and his love for her, were also great inspirations. Romance always gets me.
I failed to track him closely enough. During the run of the President’s Commission on Americans Outdoors, we had the misfortune of having scheduled a hearing in Orlando on January 30 (or maybe 29), 1986. We had hoped that the coincidental launch of the Space Shuttle Challenger on January 28 might boost our press response. Of course, the Challenger exploded. Our hearing went on as planned (we had a tough schedule to meet). The disaster affected our staff a lot, those who were in Florida, and the rest of us in Washington where many of us had been on the phone to Florida when the disaster occurred.
Feynman’s appointment to the commission studying the disaster was a brilliant move, I thought. Our schedule, unfortunately, kept me tied up on almost every day the Challenger commission met. So I never did walk the three blocks down the street to meet Feynman, thinking there would be other opportunities. He was already fatally ill. He died on February 15, 1988. I missed a chance of a lifetime.
We still have Feynman’s writings. We read the book aloud to our kids when they were younger. James, our youngest and a senior this year, read Surely You’re Joking again this summer, sort of a warmup to AP physics and his search for a college. [2009 Update: James is studying physics in the wilds of Wisconsin, finals week at Lawrence University next week — study hard, and good luck, James!]
And we still have audio and video. Remembering Feynman makes even the most avidly atheist hope for an afterlife, just to get a chance to hear Feynman explain what life was really all about, and how the universe really works.
Other notes:
- BBC made portions of The Pleasure of Finding Things Out available for free online. These interviews include a short video of his explaining how a scientist can perceive the beauty of a flower at many different levels, beyond the artist’s view — a testament to science as a way of knowing AND appreciating life.
- Feynman’s New Zealand lectures on QED (quantum electrodynamics) in streaming video; Feynman’s 1965 Nobel was for his work inventing QED.
- Just for geography students (and teachers), the Friends of Tuva. Tuva probably still is the most obscure nation on Earth (no, it’s not a hoax).
- Feynman’s offhand remarks in 1959, which ushered in the age of magnetic media, floppy disks, and even smaller computer storage devices.
- Feynman’s posthumous guest appearance in the comic strip “Alley Oop.”
- Feynman accurately harpoons and lampoons state science textbook selection processes (pay attention, Don McLeroy!).
- Feynman sources
- A version of his essay on cargo cult science, which was adapted from the commencement address he gave at Cal Tech in 1974.
3 Comments | Cargo Cults, Education, Feynman, Geography - Physical, Geography - Political, Heroes, History, History video sources, Manhattan Project, Physics, Science, Textbook Selection, Video and film | Tagged: Atomic Bomb, Beauty, Cargo Cults, Heroes, History, history video, Manhattan Project, Nature, Physics, Richard Feynman, Science | Permalink
Posted by Ed Darrell
Worldwide Web – 20 years ago, March 13
March 14, 2009Almost missed this one: The Web traces its birth to a meeting 20 years ago, on March 13. Details at Daily Wireless.org.
Quaint drawings, no?
Leave a Comment » | History, Technology | Permalink
Posted by Ed Darrell
Great Depression in music and images – look what good film can do
March 14, 2009History is Elementary once again shows why we ought to be reading her stuff regularly, pointing to the short film “Pennyland” by Eddie and Frank Thomas.
I dare you to plug that into your lesson plans, teachers. When you do, drop back and tell us in comments what you did, will you?
More:
Leave a Comment » | Bell Ringers, Great Depression, History, History and art, History audio sources, History images, History Methods and Tools, History video sources, Movies, Music, Video and film | Tagged: Great Depression, History, history video, Music in the Classroom, Technologhy in the Classroom, Thomas Brothers Films | Permalink
Posted by Ed Darrell
Fighting cargo cult science
March 13, 2009Creationism is not taught at any major university, as science. It’s difficult to find creationism taught in any curriculum, including theology schools, because it’s not a part of the theology of most Christian sects. And yet, creationism continues to pose hurdles to good science education in almost every state (especially Texas).
The hard work of spreading creationism is long entrenched, and continuing, though largely out of the view of most observers of cultural and scientific trends.
For example, consider this blog by a guy who teaches creationism at Bryan College. It’s been discovered by supporters of science education — but what can anybody do about it? P. Z. Myers at Pharyngula noted the non-scientific contents of the stuff being taught. That’s not really enough.
We need to more aggressively promote good science teaching in public schools.
Here’s one thing we might do, as I noted in the comments at Pharyngula. We need to create institutions to aggressively promote good, powerful science teaching. Here is what I wrote there, essentially.
Notice that this is Bryan College that Todd Wood preaches at, the college set up to honor William Jennings Bryan, the creationist prosecutor from the Scopes trial. This is part of the evidence that scientists and other lovers of science and good education slept too long on some of these issues (“While Science Slept” might be a good essay somewhere).
Remember Scopes lost his case, and was fined; the overturning on appeal was due to a technical error in the fine, not due to other obviously major flaws in the law (which was signed and promoted by Gov. Austin Peay, who also has a college named after him). The law against teaching human evolution remained effective in Tennessee until after 1967, and the Supreme Court’s decision in Epperson v. Arkansas — which finally persuaded the Tennessee legislature to repeal the act.
Some people thought H. L. Mencken’s mocking judgment on the Scopes trial was final. Not creationists. While the rest of the world went on, fundamentalists developed a powerful, out-of-the-major-media network to spread and promote their ideas. Part of this network was the establishment of Bryan College, and to some degree, I think Austin Peay State University (though, as a state university with serious intentions on educating people, APSU is in the evolution camp in curricula).
Why is there no Clarence Darrow College? Why is there no John T. Scopes Institute for Teachers (say, at the University of Chicago, where Scopes went back for his advanced degree)?
Unless we get out there and fight in the trenches of education and religion and culture, evolution will continue to face silly opposition. Feynman warned us of the dangers of cargo cult science. (Honestly, though, Wood’s stuff looks like cargo cult cargo cultism, it’s so far removed from real science — doesn’t it?)
In the end it’s odd that a progressive-on-most-issues guy like Bryan would be memorialized by naming a college after him to preserve his most profound errors. It’s effective propaganda. I’d be willing to wager Bryan would have come around to evolution with the evidence stacked as it is now. His error was emotional and theological, I think. Education can prevent and correct such error. Bryan College doesn’t do that in evolution — something else needs to be done to fight what Bryan College does.
The John T. Scopes Institute for Teachers could run in the summer months, it should have a thousand teachers of science from primary and secondary education in every session, and it should emphasize the best methods for teaching the best science we have. We really need such an agency — or agencies — now. Our children lose interest in science between fourth grade and graduation, their achievement in science plunges in comparison to other nations.
Our economy suffers as a result.
Creationists have Bryan College to help them spread their versions of cargo cult science, with that mission specifically in mind. We can fight fire with fire, but we have to fight ignorance with education. And, my friends in science education, we are behind.
4 Comments | Cargo Cults, Creationism, Education, Education quality, Evolution, Higher education, Science, Teachers, Teaching | Tagged: Bryan College, Cargo Cults, Creationism, Curricula, Education, Evolution, Higher education, Science, science education, teacher training, Teaching | Permalink
Posted by Ed Darrell
Detour – slow blogging next few days
March 12, 2009It may be difficult to get less active than I already am.
For the next four days
I’m out of town, seminaring on Washington and the Constitution. (George Washington, no D.C.)
One rule of the seminar is no computers, so no live blogging.
FYI.
2 Comments | Administrivia, Personal | Tagged: Administrivia, blogging, Slowdown | Permalink
Posted by Ed Darrell
Bacteria had sex before fish did
March 11, 2009Greg Mayer, who blogs at Jerry Coyne’s place, Why Evolution Is True, explains that fish didn’t start sex, regardless what the headlines say (what do copy editors know, anyway?).
Bacteria started sex, Mayer says. Probably about 7th grade, but it got worse in high school.
Mayer also discusses the Neanderthal genome study.
Now we know why creationists don’t study these areas of evolution: Too much sex.
You probably should bookmark that blog. I’ve added it to the science blogroll here.
2 Comments | Biology, Evolution, Science, Weblogs | Tagged: Biology, Evolution, Neanderthall, Sex | Permalink
Posted by Ed Darrell
News from the energy boom-before-last
March 10, 2009Excited about the prospects of nuclear power as an alternative to burning fossil fuels?
Comes this story from the Grand Junction Daily Sentinel:
Officials are shooting for an April 20 starting date for the long-awaited cleanup of the Moab, Utah, mill-tailings pile.
U.S. Energy Department officials last week opened a 3,800-foot section of rail track they will use as a staging area for shipments of mill tailings from the pile to a disposal site to the north, near Crescent Junction.
A gantry crane capable of lifting 50 tons will pluck tailings-laden containers from trucks and place them on railroad cars on a ledge above the pile, which sits near the entrance to Arches National Park.
Why is this relevant to anything?
This tailings pile has been targeted for cleanup for at least 30 years. The story doesn’t say precisely, calling it “cold war” — it is partly a remnant of the uranium boom of the 1950s. It may date back to the 1940s.
And, according to the story:
The Energy Department has a 2028 target date for completion of work moving the pile. The cost is estimated to run as high as $698 million.
2028? Ten years of usefulness for the mine, another 60 years to clean it up. Some boom. Some bust.
You load 16 million tons [of radioactive and poisonous tailings], and what do you get? A site cleaner in Moab from uranium milled a half-century ago, and a warning to those who push nuclear power for the future damn-the-cost. There are costs.
Step carefully.
2 Comments | Environmental protection, History, Mining and Mining Law, Nuclear power | Tagged: Energy independence, Environmental protection, Mine Reclamation, Mine Tailings, Moab Utah, Uranium | Permalink
Posted by Ed Darrell
Millard Fillmore's Bathtub 